“Of course, was this not understood?” (Banichi? Jago?)
Wikipedia/Metalicity – “Stellar populations are categorized as I, II, and III, with each group having decreasing metal content and increasing age. The populations were named in the order they were discovered, which is the reverse of the order of their formation. Thus, the first stars in the universe (low metal content) were population III, and recent stars (high metallicity) are population I.”
(It’s important to know in this context “metal” means everything heavier than hydrogen & helium–like oxygen! 😉 )
“Because of their high mass, current stellar models show that Population III stars would have soon exhausted their fuel and exploded in extremely energetic pair-instability supernovae. Those explosions would have thoroughly dispersed their material, ejecting metals throughout the universe to be incorporated into the later generations of stars that are observed today.
“Population I, or metal-rich stars, are young stars with the highest metallicity out of all three populations. The Earth’s Sun is an example of a metal-rich star. These are common in the spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy.”
Wikipedia/Stellar evolution – “A star of mass on the order of magnitude of the Sun will be unable to ignite carbon fusion, and will produce a white dwarf composed chiefly of carbon and oxygen…” It is these white dwarves then that become the Type 1a supernovae.
Wikipedia/Type_1a_supernova – “The current view among astronomers who model Type Ia supernova explosions, however, is that this limit [at which the white dwarf collapses to a neutron star] is never actually attained and collapse is never initiated. Instead, the increase in pressure and density due to the increasing weight raises the temperature of the core, and as the white dwarf approaches about 99% of the limit, a period of convection ensues, lasting approximately 1,000 years. At some point in this simmering phase, a deflagration flame front is born, powered by carbon fusion. The details of the ignition are still unknown, including the location and number of points where the flame begins. Oxygen fusion is initiated shortly thereafter, but this fuel is not consumed as completely as carbon.”
And Oxygen is released to the interstellar medium to combine with Hydrogen making water! And this is only one of the processes, using low mass stars.
“Of course, was this not understood?” (Banichi? Jago?)
Wikipedia/Metalicity – “Stellar populations are categorized as I, II, and III, with each group having decreasing metal content and increasing age. The populations were named in the order they were discovered, which is the reverse of the order of their formation. Thus, the first stars in the universe (low metal content) were population III, and recent stars (high metallicity) are population I.”
(It’s important to know in this context “metal” means everything heavier than hydrogen & helium–like oxygen! 😉 )
“Because of their high mass, current stellar models show that Population III stars would have soon exhausted their fuel and exploded in extremely energetic pair-instability supernovae. Those explosions would have thoroughly dispersed their material, ejecting metals throughout the universe to be incorporated into the later generations of stars that are observed today.
“Population I, or metal-rich stars, are young stars with the highest metallicity out of all three populations. The Earth’s Sun is an example of a metal-rich star. These are common in the spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy.”
Wikipedia/Stellar evolution – “A star of mass on the order of magnitude of the Sun will be unable to ignite carbon fusion, and will produce a white dwarf composed chiefly of carbon and oxygen…” It is these white dwarves then that become the Type 1a supernovae.
Wikipedia/Type_1a_supernova – “The current view among astronomers who model Type Ia supernova explosions, however, is that this limit [at which the white dwarf collapses to a neutron star] is never actually attained and collapse is never initiated. Instead, the increase in pressure and density due to the increasing weight raises the temperature of the core, and as the white dwarf approaches about 99% of the limit, a period of convection ensues, lasting approximately 1,000 years. At some point in this simmering phase, a deflagration flame front is born, powered by carbon fusion. The details of the ignition are still unknown, including the location and number of points where the flame begins. Oxygen fusion is initiated shortly thereafter, but this fuel is not consumed as completely as carbon.”
And Oxygen is released to the interstellar medium to combine with Hydrogen making water! And this is only one of the processes, using low mass stars.
Actually, that remark was uttered by Tlisi-tlas-tin in Chanur’s Legacy.
So it was! When gstself came aboard Legacy to escort “the preciousness”..
After some thought, it becomes clear to me that Fire and Water are the Primal Elements, and that Earth and Air are born of them.
Somewhat apropos, super-massive stars can go supernova without making black holes.